Induksi Pembentukan Kalus pada Eksplan Daun Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) secara In vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.71024/bioindikator.2026.v3i1.389Keywords:
2,4-D, induksi kalus, kultur in vitro, medium MSAbstract
Tebu (Saccharum officinarum L.) umumnya diperbanyak secara konvensional melalui stek atau biji, tetapi kedua cara tersebut memiliki keterbatasan dalam menghasilkan bibit dalam jumlah besar dan seragam. Kultur in vitro merupakan alternatif perbanyakan tebu yang lebih efisien. Penelitian ini bertujuan menginduksi pembentukan kalus dari eksplan daun tebu pada medium Murashige & Skoog (MS) yang ditambah vitamin dan 2,4-D 3 ppm. Eksplan berupa pelepah daun muda disterilisasi bertahap menggunakan dithane M-45, bayclin 10%, dan alkohol 96%, kemudian ditanam pada medium MS dan diamati selama lima minggu. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan bahwa pada minggu pertama sebagian eksplan mengalami kematian jaringan atau belum menunjukkan respons, sedangkan pada minggu kedua sebagian eksplan mengalami browning dan kontaminasi oleh jamur maupun bakteri. Eksplan lain menunjukkan respons positif berupa kalus yang terus berkembang hingga terbentuk sempurna pada minggu ketiga sampai kelima. Penambahan vitamin dan 2,4-D pada medium MS berperan penting dalam menginduksi pembentukan kalus pada eksplan daun tebu.
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